To this end cameroon can in many ways be considered a microcosm of the history of the african continent. Although british missionaries had been active in the area since 1845, the united kingdom recognized the german protectorate, called kamerun, which included areas that. In the early 19th century there is considerable activity in cameroon by british and american missionaries, but a german connection begins only when the woermann company of hamburg builds a warehouse in 1868 on the estuary of the wouri river. Large estates were established in southwestern kamerun to provide tropical produce for germany. Since 1990 more than 170 political parties have been legalized. Since the cameroonisation of the gce in 1977 and the advent of the gceb in 1993, both the structure and the course content of ordinary level and advanced level history has evolved significantly. The germans moved inland over the years, extending their control and their claims. Cameroon forces germany out with the help of british and french forces. John moen is a cartographer who along with his wife are the orignal founders of. By 200 bce, an influx of bantuspeaking tribes into the southern and eastern regions of the country had pushed the. A compilation of historical moments that mark the shaping of cameroon today. Cameroon has come a long way since 1884 when germany signed an annexation treaty with douala chiefs. Why did european nations scramble to annex cameroon in the.
Culture of cameroon history, people, clothing, traditions, women, beliefs, food, customs, family boco. Which of these ethnic groups has been a force in cameroon s history. The earliest inhabitants of cameroon were probably the baka. French cameroon joined the free france in august 1940. Cameroon has been d eclared guinea worm fre e since ea rly 2008 by the who who, 2009. Advanced level cameroon history since 1800 in searchworks catalog. Its root causes can be traced back to 1961 when the british southern cameroons entered a union with the republic of cameroun. Cameroon s history can be compared to that of other african countries because although its history goes as far back to prehistoric times, this territory was only discovered. In july 1884, cameroon referred only to a coastal strip between. For example, the past 30 years of the history of cameroon, hence the period under the. Since it is a publication relations work it puts a positive perspective on most things. Jan 31, 2020 beginning in 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbors became the german colony of kamerun, with a capital first at buea and later at yaounde. Cameroon s legacy of ethnic diversity dates back to 8,000 bce with the migration of the baka people into the countrys modernday borders.
There is no need for heavy clothing since it is warm even in the rainy season. After world war ii, developments in cameroon and europe brought about independence. A country with unique linguistic diversity, encompassing more. Traders, plantation owners, and government officials competed. The documentary is divided into 3 parts that has been summarized down to about 8 minutes. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Pdf since the 1961 reunification of french and british southern cameroons. Europeans first started colonizing cameroon in 1884, instituting a harsh system of mandated labor to build roads and railways. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. The london declaration divides cameroon into french 80%. At independence, french cameroun had a much higher gross national product.
The capital is yaounde, located in the southcentral part of the country. Raymond nkwenti fru at university of the free state. Their hopes are met in full by bismarcks dramatic decision in 1884 to establish a german empire in africa. In the first free presidential elections since independence in 1992, biya was reelected, but international observers. From 1990 to 1996, the gnp declined and it has shown slight increases since that time. Inspire your inbox sign up for daily fun facts about this day in history. It is probable, however, that the freehanded manner with which. Cameroons history, from colonisation, annexation, german. In cameroon, there has been a surge in protests by the english speaking minority against the dominance of the francophone majority. Why the anglophone crisis in cameroon is a constitutional problem. Tb a catalog record for this book is available from the british library. The varied nature of history textbooks in the teaching of history in cameroonian.
Schistosomiasis a nd intestinal hel minthes affects abo ut 2 million people with 5 m illion at risk. Dec 12, 2017 all text, either derivative works from wikipedia articles or original content shared here, is licensed under. Library of congress cataloging in publication data oliver, roland anthony africa since 1800 roland anthony oliver, anthony ernest atmore. Cameroon presentation columbus international program.
Many cameroonians believe the mountains inner core is home to powerful ancestral spirits, including a mountain god who causes the ground. The duala, europeans, and the cameroon hinterland, ca. Brief history of cameroon the earliest inhabitants of cameroon were probably the bakas pygmies the early european presence in cameroon was primarily devoted to coastal trade and the acquisition of slaves beginning in 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbors became the german colony of. It sits in central and west africa on the bight of bonny. Its ethnically diverse population is among the most urban in western africa. Mount cameroon is not only the highest peak in west africa, but it is also an active volcano. In northern cameroon, during the 19th century, nomadic fulani arrived and settled. The volcano has erupted 7 times in the past 100 years, the most recent being a threeweek period in the year 2000. Get an answer for why did european nations scramble to annex cameroon in the last quarter of the 19th century. Christian churches and national integration in cameroon since. Search the history of over 424 billion web pages on the internet.
Its smooth creamy paper, a little yellowed by age, was of a kind that had not been manufactured for at least forty years past. Historical background before european arrival, annexation, and colonizations 26 introduction 26 location of cameroon 27. Presidential, legislative and municipal elections take place regularly by universal suffrage and organized by elections cameroon elecam president elected for 7 years national assembly 180 members of parliament and 5 political parties represented. The varied nature of history textbooks in the teaching of. Pdf christian churches and national integration in. Presidential, legislative and municipal elections take place regularly by universal suffrage and. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Reunification discourse has generated controversy in cameroon since the 1990s and hinges on the issue of the degree of commitment of anglophone and francophone cameroonians to its realization.
Cameroon becomes independent as the republic of cameroon in 1960 and in 1961 it unites with the southern part of british cameroons southern cameroons as the federal republic of cameroon. The modern history of cameroon began in 1884, when the territory came under german rule after the explorer gustav nachtigal negotiated protectorate treaties with the local chiefs. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. In 1884, cameroon became a german protectorate kamerun. Cameroon is sometimes referred to as a true african crossroads not only because of its geographical position, but also because of the countrys great variety of ethnic groups and spoken languages. Share discover in a free daily email todays famous history and birthdays enjoy the famous daily. In 1961 the southern part of the british territory joined the new federal republic of cameroon and the northern section voted for unification with nigeria. The flow of information in todays cameroon is still not free, despite the certain level of.
The earliest inhabitants of cameroon were probably the baka pygmies. The revised edition and updated history book authored by one of cameroon s finest historians, professor victor julius ngoh. The german protectorate commenced in 1884 with a treaty with local chiefs in the douala area, in particular ndumbe lobe bell, then gradually it was extended to the interior. The political evolution of cameroon, 18841961 pdxscholar. The conference lasted until february 26, 1885 a three month period where colonial powers haggled over geometric boundaries in the interior of the continent, disregarding the cultural and linguistic. Nachtigal negotiated and signed treaties with the kings of douala, bimbia and batanga, thus declaring kamerun a german protectorate. Pdf historical knowledgegenre as it relates to the reunification of. The president of cameroon since independence, ahmadou ahidjo was replaced in 1982 by the prime minister, paul biya. Learn about 105 famous, scandalous and important events that happened in 1884 or search by date or keyword. How did cameroon s status as an imperial colony change in 1919. Christian churches and national integration in cameroon since reunification. Oct 30, 2017 beginning on july 5, 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbours became a german colony, kamerun, with a capital first at buea and later at yaounde. In 1972 the country is renamed united republic of cameroon.
In spite of the predominant role of the british along the coast, in 1884 the germans claimed the region as kamerun. Writing in cameroon, the first hundred years scielo. In 1884 therefore, chancellor bismark, in search of a colonial empire for germany, sent dr. The problem is rendered more interesting and complex by the fact that the country had. An evaluation of nation building policies in cameroon since colonial times venantius kum ngwoh senior instructor of history, department of history, faculty of arts,university of buea, cameroon abstract as one of the most heterogeneous states on the african continent due to its multiethnic and multi.
Cameroon has a trade surplus but is burdened by debt. After world war i, this colony was partitioned between britain and france under a june 28, 1919, league of nations mandate. Basel mission society, starting in 1884, during the german period. The anglophone crisis that has increasingly spun out of control in cameroon is a constitutional problem. Historical knowledgegenre as it relates to the reunification of cameroon in selected anglophone cameroonian history textbooks. Although archaeological evidence indicates the early presence of humans in the cameroonian area, little is known concerning the origins of the peoples who compose. They still inhabit the forests of the south and east provinces. He could guess, however, that the book was much older than that. Bantu speakers originating in the cameroonian highlands were among the first groups to move out before other invaders the mandara kingdom in the mandara mountains was founded around 1500 and erected fortified structures, the purpose and exact history. Even in learned journals on african and imperial history, few references have been.
What happened to ghana since it gained independence. Cameroon 18001990 subtitled directed by akumbom valery. Germany was particularly interested in cameroon s agricultural potential and entrusted large. The chamba lecko ethnic, of sudanese origin, migrate from river faro on the on present day border with nigeria to settle in benue region of cameroon adding to cameroon s cultural diversity. A chronology of key events in the history of cameroon from the sixteenth century to the present. He and his wife, chris woolwinemoen, produced thousands of awardwinning maps that are used all over the world and content that aids students, teachers, travelers and parents with their geography and map. Cameroons legacy of ethnic diversity dates back to 8,000 bce with the migration of the baka people into the countrys modernday borders. The chapter discusses the historical background of the republic of cameroon from its discovery by a portuguese to its independence from britain and france in the 1960s. The germano duala treaty of 12 july 1884 flag of kamerun, german colony a few years back, i met some german colleagues who did not know that germany had african colonies. Department of history and archaeology, university of bamenda. Cameroon transatlantic slave trade industry gets a new boss. Advanced level cameroon history since 1800 in searchworks. Photocopies can also be made and costs for a photocopy are cfa 50. Cameroon, country lying at the junction of western and central africa.
In 1916 the british took over part of former german kamerun after the capitulation of the germans. What is today the republic of cameroon began in 1884 when germany signed an annexation treaty. The independent victoria church would affiliate with. History of namibia german south west africa south africa and south west africa indpendence. The anglophone crisis in cameroon is a constitutional problem image from wikimedia commons. A system that is strongly rooted to both the english and french educational systems but functioning simultaneously in the same country as a result of the country being colonized by britain and france, after the defeat of germany in the first world war 1. Cameroon becomes part of the western african colony of the german empire and is called kamerun. History of cameroon including a german colony, french and british rule.
Cameroon educational system is a perfect display of colonial ramifications. Beginning in 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbors became the german colony of kamerun, with a capital first at buea and later at yaounde. Cameroon is the 53rd largest world country at 472,442 sq. Africa, cameroon, history, textbook, historiography, historical consciousness. The history of a people is a comprehensive history of cameroon from the period of colonisation and the establishment of a german protectorate, to the 2018 presidential elections and the resurfacing of the ongoing anglophone crisis.
Cameroon history, west african history, books barnes. Stanford libraries official online search tool for books, media, journals, databases, government documents and more. Between 1884 and 1916, cameroon was fully a german protectorate. The area of presentday cameroon came under german sovereignty during the scramble for africa at the end of the 19th century. Three instances of western colonial governments and christian. Other german traders follow, in sufficient numbers to send requests home for the appointment of a consul.
Germany was particularly interested in cameroons agricultural potential and entrusted large firms with the task of exploiting and exporting it. Beginning on july 5, 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbours became a german colony, kamerun, with a capital first at buea and later at yaounde. Beginning on july 5, 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbours. Fifth edition 2004 printed in the united states of america typeface new aster 10. As cameroon organizes its second round of multiparty elections, repeated violations of the right to freedom of expression have undermined the process of democratic transition undertaken since the early 1990s. The research problem is an analysis of the political evolution of cameroon from a colony in 1884 to an independent state in 1961. By 200 bce, an influx of bantuspeaking tribes into the southern and eastern regions of the country had pushed the bakas off arable land and into the nearby forests. A historical background this chapter provides an overview of the political and socioeconomic profile of the republic of cameroon. History of cameroon global conscience initiative salus. The conference was called to reach agreement on imperial boundaries so as to avoid any future conflict among european powers. All text, either derivative works from wikipedia articles or original content shared here, is licensed under. Germany a late entrant into the european scramble for colonial possessions in africa claimed cameroon as a german protectorate in 1884. Modern cameroon was created as the german protectorate of kamerun in 1884.
The explorer gustav nachtigal arrived in july 1884 to annex the douala coast. Cameroonian history to a far greater extent than comparable groups. Beginning in 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbors became the. The coastal plain has an average elevation of 90m and extends 15 to 150km from the gulf of guinea. History of cameroon since 1800, limbe, presbook, 1996.
Baptist missionaries left after cameroon became a german colony in 1884. This thesis is brought to you for free and open access. Cameroon british cameroons 191661 and french cameroun. Portuguese explorers employed by a rich lisbon merchant, fernando gomez, were the first europeans to enter the coastal waters of cameroon.
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